如何教授英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法（如何教授英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法）

基本介紹

《如何教授英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》：The aim of this book is to provide teachers with a fresh approachto thinking about English grammar. Each chapter focuses on aproblematic area, for example 'Articles', 'Conditionals', and'Direct and indirect speech'. First the basic grammatical folan isdescribed, and then the meaning distinctions conveyed by particular forms. The final section of each chapter shows how meaning can be shaped by context and communicative purpose. Thebook includes exercises, teaching ideas, and a glossary.

George Yule has been an English language teacher in Britain,Canada, Jamaica, and Saudi Arabia, and has taught Applied Linguistics at the universities of Edinburgh, Hawaii, Louisiana State,and Minnesota.

作者：(英)George Yule

圖書(shū)目錄

Acknowledgments

Preface

Introduction

Overview

Basic Forms

On terminology

On being ungrammatical

On good English

Basic meanings

'I am more interesting in English Grammar'

Why can I say 'I shot the sheriff', but not *'I smiled the sheriff'？

Linguistic distance

Meanings in context

Discussion topics and projects

Teaching ideas

Further reading

2 Articles

Overview

Basic forms

An article machine

Basic meanings

Countability

Singular or plural？

Individuation

Conceptual structure: classifying and identifying

Meanings in context

Already given: anaphoric and cataphoric （the）

Clearly given （zero article）

A note on a new article

Discussion topics and projects

Teaching ideas

Further reading

3 Tense and aspect

Overview

Basic forms

The basic structure

Basic meanings

Tense

Aspect

Lexical aspect

Grammatical aspect

Meanings in context

In a magazine article

In academic writing

In narratives

In a news report

In spoken discourse

Discussion topics and projects

Teaching ideas

Further reading

4 Modals

Overview

Basic forms

The simple modals

Basic meanings

Epistemic modality

Root modality

Necessary and possible

Meanings in context

The p0tential of can

The possibility of may

The necessity of must

The likelihood of will

The requirements of should

Negation and modals

Discussion topics and projects

Teaching ideas

Further reading

5 Conditionals

Overview

Basic forms

Factual conditionals

Predictive conditionals

Hypothetical conditionals

Counterfactual conditionals

Basic meanings

What happens if ... ？

What will happen if... ？

What would happen if ... ？

What would have happened if... ？

Meanings in context

Restating

Contrasting

Listing alternatives

Giving examples

End-weight

Uncertainty and politeness

Exceptional and concessive conditionals

Discussion topics and projects

Teaching ideas

Further reading

6 Prepositions and particles

Overview

Basic forms

Prepositions

Basic meanings: prepositions

Location in space

Location in time

Location in metaphor

ParticLes

Basic meanings: particLes

Up and down

Off, on, out, and away

Meanings in context

End-weight

Discussion topics and projects

Teaching ideas

Further reading

7 Indirect objects

Overview

Basic forms

Types of verbs

Basic structures: origins and pronunciation

Basic meanings

Humans, transfer, and having

Transfer and not having

Creating, getting, and benefiting

Meanings in context

End-weight

Linguistic distance

Discussion topics and projects

Teaching ideas

Further reading

8 Infinitives and gerunds

Overview

Basic forms

Basic meanings

Group 1: verbs with only finite （that..i） complements

Group 2: verbs with only to-V non-finite complements

Group 3: verbs with only V-ing non-finite complements

Group 4: verbs with both to-V and V-ingcomplements

Meanings in context

Noun-like events

Verb-like actions

Deny and refuse

Types of verbs ~

Linguistic distance

Discussion topics and projects

Teaching ideas

Further reading

9 Relative clauses

overview

Basic forms

Subject relatives

Object relatives

After-preposition relatives

Possessive relat'tves

Basic structures

Basic meanings

Who, which, that

Where, when, why

Meanings in context

Introducing new information

Connecting with given information

End-weight

Discussion topics and projects

Teaching ideas

Further reading

10 Direct and indirect speech

Overview

Basic forms

Basic meanings

Direct speech as drama

Indirect speech as narrative

Summarized reports

Reporting verbs

'The teachers were saying ...'

Meanings in context

Free indirect discourse

Constructed dialogue

Discussion topics and projects

Teaching ideas

Further reading

Glossary

Bibliography

Answers to exercises

Index

序言

近年來(lái)隨著國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)際形勢(shì)的發(fā)展，我國(guó)對(duì)外語(yǔ)人才的需求日益增加，有志于學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的學(xué)生和社會(huì)群體的人數(shù)急劇上升，從而使我國(guó)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)事業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。在這種形勢(shì)下，外語(yǔ)師資培訓(xùn)和自身建設(shè)的重要性與日俱增。在這兩方面，當(dāng)務(wù)之急是要了解當(dāng)今國(guó)外外語(yǔ)教學(xué)的發(fā)展情況，要借鑒國(guó)外的最新經(jīng)驗(yàn)，結(jié)合我國(guó)的具體情況，大力提高外語(yǔ)師資的水平，使我們的外語(yǔ)教學(xué)事業(yè)更上一層樓。

有鑒于此，上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社為廣大外語(yǔ)教師提供了一套由國(guó)外弓l進(jìn)的外語(yǔ)教學(xué)法叢書(shū)。這套叢書(shū)所涉及的方面廣、種類(lèi)多，包括外語(yǔ)教學(xué)技巧和原則、語(yǔ)法教學(xué)、語(yǔ)音教學(xué)、閱讀教學(xué)、寫(xiě)作教學(xué)、教學(xué)管理、測(cè)試、教材選擇、第一語(yǔ)言和第二語(yǔ)言習(xí)得、兒童英語(yǔ)教學(xué)等等。其中絕大多數(shù)專(zhuān)著是上世紀(jì)九十年代和本世紀(jì)所出版。它們反映了當(dāng)今國(guó)外外語(yǔ)教學(xué)法研究及相關(guān)學(xué)科的現(xiàn)狀。

這套叢書(shū)的最大共同特點(diǎn)，也是與傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)法類(lèi)專(zhuān)著的最大不同點(diǎn)在于特別強(qiáng)調(diào)理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合；更是以實(shí)踐為主，再以理論去分析評(píng)述各種實(shí)踐活動(dòng)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。我們所熟悉的傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)法類(lèi)專(zhuān)著，一般都是強(qiáng)調(diào)教學(xué)原則、教學(xué)理論，把各種方法的來(lái)龍去脈講得很詳盡；然而如何到課堂上去進(jìn)行具體教學(xué)活動(dòng)，如何在教學(xué)活動(dòng)中去體現(xiàn)教學(xué)原則卻不多見(jiàn)。這套叢書(shū)則幾乎全部是從實(shí)踐活動(dòng)著手，以說(shuō)明對(duì)理論和原則的應(yīng)用。