印第安酋長西雅圖（美國華盛頓的印第安人部落首領）

人物事跡

大約一百年前，他是美國西北部一個印地安部落的酋長，當時他的族人必須離開他們的土地，搬到保留區(qū)去住，情況很凄慘，我想你們都知道得這個故事。那時，白人從東岸橫跨美洲大陸往西進，其中發(fā)生了很多令人遺憾的事件，當時西雅圖酋長說了一席不尋常的話，永遠留在我心中。他說：“好吧！我們會離開?！币驗橛〉匕踩嗽囘^一切辦法，他們奮戰(zhàn)過，他們躲避過，最后只剩下兩條路：不是去死，就是搬到保留區(qū)去。所以西雅圖酋長才說：“好吧！我們會離開。但是......”

可是，他又說：“要我離開，我對華盛頓的大首領只有一個要求。”

現(xiàn)在請你想一想，他會要求什么呢？假如是你，你會要求什么呢？設身處地想一想，我可能會為了遙遠的路途，而多要幾匹馬或是毯子和食物。

西雅圖酋長要的不是這些，他的要求與眾不同，他說：“我們真正想要的，我們唯一要求的，就是白人能像我們一樣的對待這塊土地上的動物，待它們?nèi)缤H兄弟一般，把它們當作一家人?！蔽餮艌D酋長為什么會提出這種要求呢？我想我知道答案，他看出我們白人有很深的排外感；我們對生命的疏離和冷漠；他看到發(fā)生在我們生活中的戰(zhàn)爭，對抗大自然、互相攻擊、反對他的族人，乃至我們自己永無止盡的惡性循環(huán)，而他想幫助我們。

對西雅圖酋長和他的族人而言，生命本身是神圣且需相互尊重的。鳥啼婉轉枝頭，不啻于詩歌合唱，森林就是大殿堂，微風就像活躍的祈禱者。我們彼此息息相關，我們?nèi)绾螌Υh(huán)境和其中的生命，最后都將變成人類自己的命運。

英文全文

How can you buy or sell the sky, the warmth of the land? The idea is strange to us.

If we do not own the freshness of the air and the sparkle of the water, how can you buy them?

ALL SACRED

Every part of this earth is sacred to my people. Every shining pine needle, every sandy shore, every mist in the dark woods, every clearing and humming insect is holy in the memory and experience of my people. The sap which courses through the trees carries the memories of the red man. The white man's dead forget the country of their birth when they go to walk among the stars. Our dead never forget this beautiful earth, for it is the mother of the red man. We are part of the earth and it is part of us. The perfumed flowers are our sisters; the deer, the horse, the great eagle, these are our brothers. The rocky crests, the juices in the meadows, the body heat of the pony, and man - all belong to the same family.

NOT EASY

So, when the Great Chief in Washington sends word that he wishes to buy our land, he asks much of us. The Great Chief sends word he will reserve us a place so that we can live comfortably to ourselves. He will be our father and we will be his children. So we will consider your offer to buy our land. But it will not be easy. For this land is sacred to us. This shining water that moves in the streams and rivers is not just water but the blood of our ancestors. If we sell you land, you must remember that it is sacred, and you must teach your children that it is sacred and that each ghostly reflection in the clear water of the lakes tells of events and memories in the life of my people. The water's murmur is the voice of my father's father.

ALL SACRED

The rivers are our brothers, they quench our thirst. The rivers carry our canoes, and feed our children. If we sell you our land, you must remember, and teach your children, that the rivers are our brothers, and yours, and you must henceforth give the rivers the kindness you would give any brother. We know that the white man does not understand our ways. One portion of land is the same to him as the next, for he is a stranger who comes in the night and takes from the land whatever he needs.

The earth is not his brother, but his enemy, and when he has conquered it, he moves on. He leaves his father's graves behind, and he does not care. He kidnaps the earth from his children, and he does not care. His father's grave, and his children's birthright, are forgotten. He treats his mother, the earth, and his brother, the sky, as things to be bought, plundered, sold like sheep or bright beads. His appetite will devour the earth and leave behind only a desert.

I do not know. Our ways are different from your ways. The sight of your cities pains the eyes of the red man. But perhaps it is because the red man is a savage and does not understand.

There is no quiet place in the white man's cities. No place to hear the unfurling of leaves in spring, or the rustle of an insect's wings. But perhaps it is is because I am a savage and do not understand.

The clatter only seems rto insult the ears. And what is there to life if a man cannot hear the lonely cry of the whippoorwill or the arguments of the frogs around a pond at night? I am a red man and do not understand. The Indian prefers the soft sound of the wind darting over the face of a pond, and the smell of the wind itself, cleaned by a midday rain, or scented with the pinon pine.

PRECIOUS

The air is precious to the red man, for all things share the same breath - the beast, the tree, the man, they all share the same breath..

The white man does not seem to notice, the air he breathes. Like a man dying for many days, he is numb to the stench.

But if we sell you our land, you must remember that the air is precious to us, that the air shares its spirit with all the life it supports. The wind that gave our grandfather his first breath also receives his last sigh. And if we sell you our land, you must keep it apart and sacred, as a place where even the white man can go to taste the wind that is sweetened by the meadow's flowers.

ONE CONDITION

So we will consider your offer to buy our land. If we decide to accept, I will make one condition: the white man must treat the beasts of this land as his brothers. I am a savage and I do not understand any other way. I have seen a thousand rotting buffaloes on the prairie, left by the white man who shot them from a passing train. I am a savage and I do not understand how the smoking iron horse can be more important than the buffalo that we kill only to stay alive. What is man without the beasts? If all the beasts were gone, man would die from a great loneliness of spirit. For whatever happens to the beasts, soon happens to man. All things are connected.

THE ASHES

You must teach your children that the ground beneath their feet is the ashes of your grandfathers. So that they will respect the land, tell your children that the earth is rich with the lives of our kin. Teach your children what we have taught our children, that the earth is our mother. Whatever befalls the earth befalls the sons of the earth. If men spit upon the ground, they spit upon themselves. This we know: the earth does not belong to man; man belongs to the earth. This we know.

All things are connected like the blood which unites one family. All things are connected. Whatever befalls the earth befalls the sons of the earth. Man did not weave the web of life: he is merely a strand in it. Whatever he does to the web, he does to himself. Even the white man, whose God walks and talks with him as friend to friend, cannot be exempt from the common destiny.

We may be brothers after all.

We shall see.

One thing we know, which the white man may one day discover - our God is the same God. You may think now that you own Him as you wish to own our land; but you cannot. He is the God of man, and His compassion is equal for the red man and the white. This earth is precious to Him, and to harm the earth is to heap contempt on its Creator. The whites too shall pass; perhaps sooner than all other tribes. Contaminate your bed, and you will one night suffocate in your own waste. But In your perishing you will shine brightly, fired by the strength of the God who brought you to this land and for some special purpose gave you dominion over this land and over the red man.

That destiny is a mystery to us, for we do not understand when the buffalos are all slaughtered, the wild horses are tamed, the secret corners of the forest heavy with scent of many men, and the view of the ripe hills blotted by talking wires.

Where is the thicket? Gone.

Where is the eagle? Gone.

The end of living and the beginning of survival.

中文翻譯《西雅圖宣言》

印第安索瓜米西族酋長·西雅圖

你怎能把天空、大地的溫馨買下？我們不懂。

若空氣失去了新鮮，流水失去了晶瑩，你還能把它買下？

我們紅人，視大地每一方土地為圣潔。在我們的記憶里，在我們的生命里，每一根晶亮的松板，每一片沙灘，每一撮幽林里的氣息，每一種引人自省、鳴叫的昆蟲都是神圣的。樹液的芳香在林中穿越，也滲透了紅人自亙古以來的記憶。

白人死后漫游星際之時，早忘了生他的大地。紅人死后永不忘我們美麗的出生地。因為，大地是我們的母親，母子連心，互為一體。綠意芬芳的花朵是我們的姊妹，鹿、馬、大鷹都是我們的兄弟，山巖峭壁、草原上的露水、人身上、馬身上所散發(fā)出的體熱，都是一家子親人。

華盛頓京城的大統(tǒng)領傳話來說，要買我們的地。他要的不只是地。大統(tǒng)領說，會留下一塊保護地，留給我們過安逸的日子。這么一來，大統(tǒng)領成了我們的父親，我們成了他的子女。

我們會考慮你的條件，但這買賣不那么容易，因為，這地是圣潔的。溪中、河里的晶晶流水不僅是水，是我們世代祖先的血。若賣地給你，務請牢記，這地是圣潔的，務請教導你的子子孫孫，這地是圣潔的。湖中清水里的每一種映象，都代表一種靈意，映出無數(shù)的古跡，各式的儀式，以及我們的生活方式。流水的聲音不大，但它說的話，是我們祖先的聲音。

河流是我們的兄弟，它解我們的渴，運送我們的獨木舟，喂養(yǎng)我們的子女。若賣地給你，務請記得，務請教導你的子女，河流是我們的兄弟，你對它，要付出愛，要周到，像愛你自己的兄弟一樣。

白人不能體會我們的想法，這點，我知道。

在白人眼里，哪一塊地都一樣，可以趁夜打劫，各取所需，拿了就走。對白人來說，大地不是他的兄弟，大地是他的仇敵，他要一一征服。

白人可以把父親的墓地棄之不顧。父親的安息之地，兒女的出生之地，他可以不放在心上。在他看來，天、大地、母親、兄弟都可以隨意買下、掠奪，或像羊群或串珠一樣賣出。他貪得無厭，大口大口吞食土地之后，任由大地成為片片荒漠。

我不懂。

你我的生活方式完全不同。紅人的眼睛只要一看見你們的城市就覺疼痛。白人的城里沒有安靜，沒地方可以聽到春天里樹葉攤開的聲音，聽不見昆蟲振翅作樂的聲音。城市的噪音羞辱我們的雙耳。晚間，聽不到池塘邊青蛙在爭論，聽不見夜鳥的哀鳴。這種生活，算是活著？

我是紅人，我不懂。

清風的聲音輕輕掃過地面，清風的芳香，是經(jīng)午后暴雨洗滌或浸過松香的，這才是紅人所愿聽愿聞的。

紅人珍愛大氣：人、獸、樹木都有權分享空氣，靠它呼吸。白人，似從不注意人要靠空氣才能存活，像坐死多日的人，已不能辨別惡臭。若賣地給你，務請牢記，我們珍愛大氣，空氣養(yǎng)著所有的生命，它的靈力，人人有份。

風，迎著我祖父出生時的第一口氣，也送走它最后一聲的嘆息。若賣地給你，務請將它劃為圣地，使白人也能隨著風嘗到牧草地上加強的花香。

務請教導你的子女，讓他們知道，腳下的土地，埋著我們祖先骨?。唤棠阕拥茏鸪绱蟮?，告訴他們，大地因我們親族的生命而得滋潤；告訴他們，紅人怎樣教導子女，大地是我們的母親，大地的命運，就是人類的命運，人若唾棄大地，就是唾棄自己。

我們確知一事，大地并不屬于人；人，屬于大地，萬物相互效力。也許，你我都是兄弟。等著看，也許，有一天白人會發(fā)現(xiàn)：他們所信的上帝，與我們所信的神，是同一位神。

或許，你以為可以擁有上帝，象你買一塊地一樣。其實你辦不到，上帝，是全人類的神，上帝對人類憐恤平等，不分紅、白。上帝視大地為至寶，傷害大地就是褻瀆大地的創(chuàng)造者。白人終將隨風消失，說不定比其他種族失落的更快，若污穢了你的床鋪，你必然會在自己的污穢中窒息。

肉身因歲月死亡，要靠著上帝給你的力量才能在世上燦爛發(fā)光，是上帝引領你活在大地上，是上帝莫明的旨意容你操縱白人。

為什么會有這種難解的命運呢？我們不懂。

我們不懂，為什么野牛都被戮殺，野馬成了馴馬，森林里布滿了人群的異味，優(yōu)美的山景，全被電線破壞、玷污。

叢林在哪里？沒了！

大老鷹在哪里？不見了！

生命已到了盡頭，

是偷生的開始。

3.小學語文課文《這片土地是神圣的》

對我們這個民族來說，這片土地的每一部分都是神圣的。

每一處沙灘，每一片耕地，每一座山脈，每一條河流，每一根閃閃發(fā)光的松針，每一只嗡嗡鳴叫的昆蟲，還有那濃密叢林中的薄霧，藍天上的白云，在我們這個民族的記憶和體驗中，都是圣潔的。

我們是大地的一部分，大地也是我們的一部分。青草、綠葉、花朵是我們的姐妹，麋（mí）鹿、駿馬、雄鷹是我們的兄弟。樹汁流經(jīng)樹干，就像血液流經(jīng)我們的血管一樣。我們和大地上的山巒河流、動物植物共同屬于一個家園。

溪流河川中閃閃發(fā)光的不僅僅是水，也是我們祖先的血液。那清澈湖水中的每一個倒影，反映了我們的經(jīng)歷和記憶；那潺潺的流水聲，回蕩著我們祖輩的親切呼喚。河水為我們解除干渴，滋潤我們的心田，養(yǎng)育我們的子子孫孫。河水運載我們的木舟，木舟在永流不息的河水上穿行，木舟上滿載著我們的希望。

如果我們放棄這片土地，轉讓給你們，你們一定要記住：這片土地是神圣的。河水是我們的兄弟，也是你們的兄弟。你們應該像善待自己的兄弟那樣，善待我們的河水。

印第安人喜愛雨后清風的氣息，喜愛它拂過水面的聲音，喜愛風中飄來的松脂的幽香。空氣對我們來說也是寶貴的，因為一切生命都需要它。

如果我們放棄這片土地，轉讓給你們，你們一定要記?。哼@片土地是神圣的?？諝馀c它滋養(yǎng)的生命是一體的，清風給了我們的祖先第一口呼吸，也送走了祖先的最后一聲嘆息。同樣，空氣也會給我們的子孫和所有的生物以生命。你們要照管好它，使你們也能夠品嘗風經(jīng)過草地后的甜美味道。

如果我們放棄這片土地，轉讓給你們，你們一定要記?。哼@片土地是神圣的。你們一定要照顧好這片土地上的動物。沒有了動物，人類會怎樣？如果所有的動物都死去了，人類也會滅亡。降臨到動物身上的命運終究也會降臨到人類身上。

告訴你們的孩子，他們腳下的土地是祖先的遺灰，土地存留著我們親人的生命。像我們教導自己的孩子那樣，告訴你們的孩子，大地是我們的母親。任何降臨在大地上的事，終究會降臨在大地的孩子身上。

我們熱愛大地，就像初生的嬰兒眷戀母親溫暖的懷抱一樣。你們要像我們一樣熱愛它，照管它。為了子孫后代，你們要獻出全部的力量和情感來保護大地。

我們深知：大地不屬于人類，而人類是屬于大地的。

錄于小學語文人教版六年級上冊第15課。