搗冒口（搗冒口）

正文

側(cè)板壁薄且較均勻，不易產(chǎn)生縮孔鑄造缺陷，但易產(chǎn)生澆不足、變形缺陷。另外，高錳鋼材質(zhì)的裂紋傾向大，因此我們采用立澆方式，開設(shè)階梯式內(nèi)澆口，上下兩層，并從鑄件一端處開設(shè)，這樣澆注后鋼液由下而上逐層平穩(wěn)允型，可減輕鑄件局部過熱，使鑄件凝固時溫度均勻，有利于消除裂紋及防止鑄件澆注后產(chǎn)生變形。防止金屬液進入鑄型時產(chǎn)生沖擊和噴濺現(xiàn)象，內(nèi)澆口做成變截面喇叭式，選用∑F直：∑F橫：∑F內(nèi)=3：2.8：1的澆注系統(tǒng)，這樣就保證了在整個澆注過程中鑄型始終處于封閉的負壓下。

在澆注過程中，由于泡沫模樣裂解產(chǎn)生的氣體、焦狀體、殘余渣物常浮擠至遠離澆口的鑄件頂端，因此在遠離澆道的頂端處設(shè)置了出氣、集渣冒口。

鑄件質(zhì)量檢驗

搗冒口

(2)鑄件內(nèi)在質(zhì)量　將生產(chǎn)出的鑄件用氣割解剖，觀察其各部分斷面，發(fā)現(xiàn)均無縮孔、縮松、夾渣、氣孔和砂眼等鑄造缺陷，能夠保證側(cè)板的技術(shù)要求。

(3)鑄件金相組織和力學性能　側(cè)板采用1050℃(1.5h)水冷的水韌熱處理工藝，經(jīng)觀察，鑄件金相組織為奧氏體。對力學性能進行了檢測，符合側(cè)板的技術(shù)要求。

基本術(shù)語

2.1鑄造casting,founding,foundry

2.2砂型鑄造sandcastingprocess

2.3特種鑄造specialcastingprocess

2.4鑄件casting

2.5毛坯鑄件roughcasting

2.6砂型鑄件sandcasting

2.7試制鑄件pilotcasting

2.8鑄態(tài)鑄件as-castcasting

2.9鑄型[型]mold

2.10鑄造工藝castingprocess，foundrytechnology

2.11鑄造用材料foundrymaterials

2.12鑄造工藝材料consumablematerials

2.13鑄造設(shè)備foundryequipment,foundryfacilities

2.14鑄工caster，founder，foundryworker

2.15鑄造工作者foundryman

2.16鑄造車間foundryshop

2.17鑄造廠foundry

2.18鑄造分廠attachedfoundry，captivefoundry，tiedfoundry

2.19鑄造三廢foundryeffluent

2.20一批ａbatch

2.21一爐acast，aheat，amelt

2.22鑄焊castwelding，flowwelding

2.23鑄錠ingot

3鑄造合金及熔煉、澆注

3.1鑄造合金基本術(shù)語

3.1.1鑄造合金castalloy

3.1.2共晶合金系eutecticalloysystem

3.1.3共晶合金eutecticalloy

3.1.4亞共晶合金hypoeutecticalloy

3.1.5過共晶合金hypereutecticalloy

3.1.6共晶團eutecticcell

3.1.7共晶溫度eutectictemperature

3.1.8共晶轉(zhuǎn)變eutecticreaction，eutectictransformation

3.1.9共晶組織eutecticstructure

3.1.10鑄造復合材料castcomposite

3.1.11定向共晶復合材料directionaleutecticcomposite

3.1.12非晶態(tài)合金noncrystallinealloy

3.1.13合金元素alloyingelement

3.1.14雜質(zhì)元素trampelement

3.1.15合金遺傳性alloyheredity

3.1.16鑄態(tài)組織as-caststructure

3.1.17鐵碳相圖iron-carbonphasediagram

3.1.18碳化物carbide

3.1.19滲碳體cementite

3.1.20碳化物形成元素carbideformingelement

3.1.21單鑄試塊separatedtestbarofcasting

3.1.22附鑄試塊testlug

3.1.23本體試樣testspecimenfromcastingitself

3.1.24過熱superheating

3.1.25過冷supercooling，undercooling

3.1.26成分過冷constitutionalsupercooling

3.1.27過冷度degreeofundercooling

3.1.28加熱相變點[Ac相變點]Actransformationtemperature

3.1.29冷卻相變點[Ar相變點]Artransformationtemperature

3.1.30結(jié)晶crystallization

3.1.31形核[成核]nucleation

3.1.32均質(zhì)形核[自發(fā)形核]homogeneousnucleation

3.1.33非均質(zhì)形核[非自發(fā)形核]heterogeneousnucleation

3.1.34動力形核dynamicnucleation

3.1.35大沖擊形核bigbangnucleation

3.1.36形核劑nucleant

3.1.37形核率nucleationrate

3.1.39內(nèi)生生長endogenousgrowth

3.1.40外生生長exogenousgrowth

3.1.41共生生長coupledgrowth

3.1.42小平面型生長facetedgrowth

3.1.43非小平面型生長nonfacetedgrowth

3.1.44晶體生長界面[界面]growthinterfaceofcrystal，interface

3.1.45吸氣（金屬）gasabsorption（metal）

3.2鑄鋼

3.2.1鑄鋼caststeel

3.2.2鑄造碳鋼carboncaststeel

3.2.3鑄造合金鋼alloycaststeel

3.2.4低合金鑄鋼lowalloycaststeel

3.2.5微量合金化鑄鋼micro-alloyingcaststeel，tracealloyingcaststeel

3.2.6鐵素體鑄鋼ferriticcaststeel

3.2.7奧氏體鑄鋼austeniticcaststeel

3.2.8不銹鋼stainlesssteel

3.2.9無磁性鑄鋼non-magneticcaststeel

3.2.10高錳鋼austeniticmanganesesteel，highmanganesesteel

3.2.11高強度鑄鋼highstrengthcaststeel

3.2.12超高強度鑄鋼ultrahighstrengthcaststeel

3.2.13耐磨鑄鋼wearresistingcaststeel

3.2.14耐熱鑄鋼heatresistingcaststeel

3.2.15耐蝕鑄鋼corrosionresistingcaststeel

3.2.16石墨鋼graphiticsteel

3.2.17鑄造錨鏈鋼caststeelforchaincables

3.3鑄鐵

3.3.1鑄鐵castiron

3.3.2合成鑄鐵syntheticcastiron

3.3.3共晶鑄鐵eutecticcastiron

3.3.4亞共晶鑄鐵hypoeutecticcastiron

3.3.5過共晶鑄鐵hypereutecticcastiron

3.3.6灰鑄鐵[片墨鑄鐵]flakegraphitecastiron，graycastiron

3.3.7球墨鑄鐵[球鐵]ductileiron，nodulargraphiteiron，spheroidalgraphitecastiron

3.3.8高韌性球墨鑄鐵highductilitynodulargraphiteiron

3.3.9中錳球墨鑄鐵mediummanganeseductileiron

3.3.10中硅球墨鑄鐵mediumsiliconnodulargraphiteiron

3.3.11可鍛鑄鐵[馬鐵]malleablecastiron

3.3.12白心可鍛鑄鐵whiteheartmalleablecastiron

3.3.13黑心可鍛鑄鐵blackheartmalleablecastiron

3.3.14花心可鍛鑄鐵partiallygraphitizedmalleablecastiron

3.3.15鐵素體可鍛鑄鐵ferriticmalleablecastiron

3.3.16珠光體可鍛鑄鐵pearliticmalleablecastiron

3.3.17球墨可鍛鑄鐵spheroidalgraphitemalleablecastiron

3.3.18蠕墨鑄鐵[蠕鐵，緊密石墨鑄鐵]vermiculargraphitecastiron,compactedgraphitecastiron

3.3.19白口鑄鐵whitecastiron

3.3.20麻口鑄鐵mottledcastiron

3.3.21奧氏體鑄鐵austeniticcastiron

3.3.22貝氏體鑄鐵bainiticcastiron

3.3.23貝氏體球墨鑄鐵bainiticductilecastiron，austferriticductilecastiron

3.3.23貝氏體球墨鑄鐵bainiticductilecastiron，austferriticductilecastiron

3.3.23貝氏體球墨鑄鐵bainiticductilecastiron，austferriticductilecastiron

3.3.24等溫熱處理球墨鑄鐵austemperedductileiron，ADI

3.3.25貝氏體白口鑄鐵bainiticwhitecastiron

3.3.26針狀鑄鐵acicularcastiron

3.3.27馬氏體鑄鐵martensiticcastiron

3.3.28鐵素體鑄鐵ferriticcastiron

3.3.29珠光體鑄鐵pearliticcastiron

3.3.30索氏體鑄鐵sorbiticcastiron

3.3.31合金鑄鐵alloycastiron

3.3.32低合金鑄鐵lowalloycastiron

3.3.33鉻鑄鐵chromiumcastiron

3.3.34高鉻鑄鐵highchromiumcastiron

3.3.35高硅鑄鐵highsiliconcastiron

3.3.36中硅鑄鐵mediumsiliconcastiron

3.3.37高磷鑄鐵highphosphoruscastiron

3.3.38鋁鑄鐵aluminumcastiron

3.3.39高鋁鑄鐵highaluminumcastiron

3.3.40鎳鑄鐵nickelcastiron

3.3.41硼鑄鐵boroncastiron

3.3.42高級鑄鐵highgradecastiron

3.3.43高強度鑄鐵highdutycastiron，highstrengthcastiron

3.3.44工程鑄鐵engineeringcastiron

3.3.45特種鑄鐵specialcastiron

3.3.46抗磨鑄鐵abrasionresistantcastiron

3.3.47冷硬鑄鐵[激冷鑄鐵]chilledcastiron

3.3.48耐磨鑄鐵wearresistingcastiron

3.3.49耐熱鑄鐵heatresistingcastiron

3.3.50耐蝕鑄鐵corrosionresistantcastiron

3.3.51耐酸鑄鐵acidresistingcastiron

3.3.52密烘鑄鐵Meehanitecastiron

3.3.53孕育鑄鐵inoculatedcastiron

3.3.54總碳量totalcarbon

3.3.55碳當量carbonequivalent

3.3.56碳當量儀eutectometer

3.3.57共晶度carbonsaturationdegree

3.3.58硅碳比silicon-carbonratio

3.3.59錳硫比manganese-sulphurratio

3.3.60鑄鐵石墨形態(tài)graphitemorphologyofcastiron

3.3.61片狀石墨[片墨]flakegraphite

3.3.62球狀石墨[球墨]nodulargraphite，spheroidalgraphite

3.3.63絮團狀石墨[退火碳]tempergraphite，annealingcarbon

3.3.64團絮石墨quasi-spheroidaltempergraphite

3.3.65蠕蟲狀石墨[蠕墨，緊密石墨]compactedgraphite，vermiculargraphite

3.3.66開花狀石墨explodedgraphite

3.3.67初生石墨primarygraphite

3.3.68過冷石墨undercooledgraphite

3.3.69共晶石墨eutecticgraphite

3.3.70共晶碳化物eutecticcarbide

3.3.71游離碳freecarbon

3.3.72石墨化graphitization

3.3.73石墨化退火graphitizingannealing

3.3.74石墨化度graphitizinggrade

3.3.75石墨化因子graphitizingfactor

3.3.76石墨面積率percentageofgraphitearea

3.3.77阻礙石墨化元素hinderedgraphitizingelement

3.3.78墨化劑graphitizer

3.3.79石墨球化處理[球化處理]nodularizingtreatmentofgraphite

3.3.80球化率percentofspheroidization

3.3.81石墨球數(shù)[球墨數(shù)]numberofnodulargraphites

3.3.82球化劑nodulizer，nodulizingalloy，spheroidalagent，spheroidizer

3.3.83鎂焦magcoke,impregnatedcoke

3.3.84型內(nèi)球化in-moldnodularization

3.3.85密容加鎂包sealedspheroidizingtreatmentladle

3.3.86干擾元素interferenceelement

3.3.87石墨蠕化處理[蠕化處理]vermiculationofgraphite